RESUMO
Resumen El retinoblastoma es uno de los tumores intraoculares malignos más frecuentes en la edad pediátrica; así mismo, es posible que exista afectación en otros sitios como podría ser el ojo contralateral, por lo cual es importante mantener controles periódicos, aún después de ser diagnosticados y tratados. Actualmente se sabe que esta patología puede ser hereditaria o espontánea y tiene un importante componente genético, específicamente una mutación del gen supresor tumoral llamado RB1, el cual además está asociado a otras enfermedades.
Abstract Retinoblastoma is one of the most frequent malignant intraocular tumors in the pediatric age group, and it is possible that there is affectation to other sites such as the contralateral eye, hence, it is important to maintain periodic controls even after being diagnosed and treated. Currently it is known that this pathology can be either hereditary or spontaneous and has an important genetic component, specifically a mutation of the tumor-suppressor gene called RB1, which is also associated with other diseases.
RESUMO
Resumen La colecistitis crónica litiásica es un motivo frecuente de consulta durante las guardias médicas, el cuadro clínico se presenta como náusea, vómito y dolor en el cuadrante superior derecho, principalmente. El diagnóstico se realiza con la historia clínica completa, exploración física detallada, exámenes de laboratorio (elevación de bilirrubinas, sobre todo a expensas de la directa) y un método de imagen confirmatorio, como podría ser el ultrasonido. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico para evitar complicaciones como perforación, fístula, piocolecisto o peritonitis generalizada.
Abstract A frequent medical consultation during guards is regarding chronic lithiasic cholecystitis. The clinical presentation many includes nausea, vomiting and right upper quadrant pain. The diagnosis is made using a complete clinical history, detailed physical evaluation, laboratory blood tests and a confirmatory imaging method like an ultrasound. The treatment must be surgical to avoid complications such as perforation, fistula, piocolecisto or generalized peritonitis.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coccidioidomycosis, a potentially fatal fungal infection, is considered an emergent mycotic disease because of the increased incidence of fungal infections registered over recent years. Infection occurs through the inhalation of arthroconidia from two main species of Coccidioides: Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, which are both endemic to arid and semi-arid regions of North America. Coccidioides species not only infect humans but can also infect other mammals (land, aquatic, wild or domestic), reptiles and birds. OBJECTIVE: To obtain information regarding the habitat of Coccidioides spp. and the animals infected by this fungus and to identify the role that infected animals play as reservoirs and disseminators of this fungus in nature. MATERIALS: A literature review was conducted to identify the habitat of Coccidioides spp. and the infected non-human animal species targeted by this fungus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This review allows us to suggest that Coccidioides spp. may be classified as halotolerant organisms; nevertheless, to perpetuate their life cycle, these organisms depend on different animal species (reservoirs) that serve as a link with the environment, by acting as disseminators of the fungi in nature.
